I've had a similar problem once, trying to find an adapter and not being able to find it for the life of me. I am not very good with computers, so that complicated the problem even more.
I've had a problem with my audio - none of my 3.5 mm audio jacks worked, inputs or outputs. When i connected my microphone and speakers to a USB adapter, audio played and recorded fine, but I wasn't able to use the 3.5 mm jacks.
I had speaker and microphone jacks on the front and back panels. They've worked perfectly in the past, but that time, no matter what I did it didn't work. Then I've downloaded and installed drivers for both of my chipsets and audio, but when I tried playing the sound through "HD Audio" it was as quiet as a grave. I have tried looing into the HD Audio Deck, but it was all in vain. Long story short, It turned out I was just missing a proper adapter, a pretty rare one because it was an old model. My colleague pointed me to https://www.icrfq.com/family/191 - lots of adapters in there. Hope this helps!